Abstract: Objective：To investigate the genotype and mutation frequency of thalassemia in child patients of Shenzhen region so as to provide evidences for the gene diagnosis and genetic counseling of thalassemia. Methods：A total of 1 206 child patients suspected with thalassemia were retrospectively analyzed. The gene deletion of α-thalassemia was detected by GapPCR. The point mutations of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia were determined by reverse dot blot(RDB)PCR. The specimens suspected with HKαα and rare gene mutations were determined with nested PCR and gene sequencing, respectively. Results：The detection rate of thalassemia was 76.9%(927/1 206). Among them, α-thalassemia accounted for 40.5%(489/1 206), and --SEA/αα was the most common gene mutation(75.1%); β-thalassemia accounted for 33.7%(406/1 206), and the main IVS-2-654(C→T) and CD41-42(TCTT) heterozygous mutations accounted for 35% and 32.5%, respectively. In addition, there were 32(2.7%) β-thalassemia patients with α-thalassemia mutation, 1 patient with HKαα/ααQS, 1 α-thalassemia patient with CD61(AAG→TAG)/--SEA and 1 β-thalassemia patient with CD5(CCT→C). Conclusion：The are complicated gene mutation types and rare gene mutations of thalassemia in child patients of Shenzhen region.