Abstract: Objective To investigate the differences in the results of routine semen testing from diferent reproductive and andrology laboratories in Hunan province by establishing preliminarily an inter-l aboratory quality assessment ( QA) system for routine semen testing in Hunan province, and then improve the overall level of routine semen testing in Hunan province. Methods Two diferent levels of sperm concentration and sperm motility video quality control materials were prepared in two batches and distributed to 20 reproductive and andrology laboratories in Hunan province. Then, the testing results were collcted and analyzed by the Robust statistics method,and the testing ability of a laboratory was evaluated by the laboratory proficiency testing ( PT) analysis. Results 70% ( 14/20) of la- boratories determined spermn concentration by a computer- assisted sperm analysis ( CASA) system, and 30% ( 6/20) of laboratories by the manual method with a Makler chamber. 50% ( 10/20) of laboratories analyzed sperm motility by a CASA system, and 50% ( 10/20) of laboratories by the manual method. The inter-laboratory coefficients of variation ( CV) of four sperm concentration quality control samples ranged from 13.47% to 21.79%. The inter-laboratory CVs of progressive motility ( PR)，non-progressive motility ( NP)and immotile sperm rate ( IM) of four sperm motility quality control samples were 5.65% - 20.76%，31.36% - 59.30% and 5.50% -8.80%，respectively. The evaluation results of sperm concentration items in 20 participating laboratories showed that 65% ( 13/20)were qualified, 10% ( 2/20) were suspicious, and 25% (5/20) were outliers. The evaluation results of sperm motility items in 20 participating laboratories showed that 30% (6/20) were qualified, 35% (7/20) were suspicious, 30% ( 6/20) were outlier, and 5%( 1/20) did not report their first sperm motility results. The qualification rate of PT (PT≥80%) was 55% (11/20)，and the unqualification rate ( PT<80%) was 45% (9/20). Conclusion It is feasible to evaluate the testing ability of routine semen testing in repro-ductive and andrology laboratories by the Robust statistics method. It is urgently needed to perform standardized training and quality control for laboratory technicians and improve the level of routine semen analysis of reproductive and andrology laboratories in H unanprovince.